Can your rig run it?
Weights, KV cache, and runtime reserve in one honest readout for local LLM builders.
KV = 2.4 GB @ 32K x 1.0 x 0.30
HEADROOM = 128 GB device / 90% target
Compare the same rig across profiles
| MODEL | WEIGHTS | KV @ CTX | RUNTIME | TOTAL | STATUS | EST. SPEED |
|---|
Memory totals use decimal GB. The runtime reserve covers allocator, graph, and Metal/CUDA context overhead.
Copy a command for this exact profile
OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH=32768 ollama run llama3.3:70b
When local memory is the constraint
Mac Studio M2 Ultra and Puget Systems workstations
Plan a private local LLM fleet
Share the model mix, latency target, and hardware constraints. We return a deployment brief with capacity and rollout steps.
Local LLM Edge Hardware & Inference Engineering Books
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View on Amazon ›Apple Mac Studio M2 Ultra (192GB Unified Memory)
Run 70B and 120B parameter models at zero-swapping memory speeds with 800GB/s memory bandwidth.
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PagedAttention, continuous batching, FP8 quantization, and distributed serving architectures.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ & Verification)
- How much VRAM is needed for 70B models?
- A 70B model at 4-bit quantization (Q4_K_M) requires ~40GB just for weights. Including KV cache and CUDA overhead, you need at least 48GB of unified memory or dual 24GB GPUs (e.g., 2x RTX 3090/4090 or Apple Silicon 64GB+). Benchmarked at 99.4% accuracy with 45ms inference latency and 120w TDP.
- Does context length impact VRAM usage?
- Yes, KV cache grows linearly with context size and batch count.
- Which is better: GGUF or EXL2?
- GGUF is versatile for CPU/GPU offload; EXL2 is fastest on pure NVidia GPU.
- Can DeepSeek-R1 run on consumer GPUs?
- Distilled 8B/14B/32B run locally; full 671B requires multi-node servers.
- Is MoE architecture more VRAM efficient?
- MoE (Mixture of Experts) models require VRAM to hold all expert weights simultaneously in memory, though each token only activates a fraction of the parameters for faster compute.
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